Physical Therapy programs are used to manage many overuse injuries or sprains of the foot & ankle. Common surgical procedures include arthodesis for severe arthritis or deformity, open reduction and internal fixation for complex fractures, tendon repair or reconstruction for major tendon injury, tendon transfer for muscle imbalance or deformity, corrective osteotomies for malunion and deformity, bunion procedures and bone grafting for non unions.